Оценка русловых процессов с разработкой рекомендаций по обеспечению устойчивости русла на примере реки Западная Двина в г. Витебск

Assessment of riverbed processes is necessary for substantiation of engineering measures to ensure the stability of riverbeds. Violation of riverbed stability may result in significant erosion of the riverbed and banks, which may pose a threat to the safety of nearby objects. Therefore, assessment of riverbed stability and possible erosion is an urgent task, the solution of which is carried out using mathematical modeling methods. The initial data for modeling include the results of hydrological observations of runoff and river level regime, as well as results of hydrometric measurements of the coordinates of river cross-sections and the characteristics of traction sediments. The article considers a method of mathematical modeling of the hydrological regime of rivers using the equation of uneven water movement and a semi-empirical formula for calculating local longitudinal water flow velocities. Water levels in the river and average flow velocities in live sections are determined as a result of mathematical modeling of uneven water movement. Local longitudinal water flow velocities are performed with using calculated water levels and average velocities. The article presents a characteristic of the method for assessing riverbed processes, including the stability of the river bed and its possible erosion using the results of calculating local longitudinal flow velocities in the cross sections of the river and the characteristics of the granulometric (mechanical) composition of the traction sediments. The article presents formula for determining the permissible (non-eroding) water velocities rates taking into account the Coriolis correction coefficient (kinetic energy correction coefficient) and calculation formulas for determining the predicted values of vertical (deep) deformations caused by the movement of traction sediment ridges. The research findings using the proposed methods are demonstrated through a case study of the calculated reach of the Western Dvina River in Vitebsk. Recommendations were developed to ensure river stability on the estimated section of the Western Dvina River based on the research results.